基因-元件指南 | 云舟生物

荧光报告基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Color	Structure	Maximum Excitation (nm)	Maximum Emission (nm)	Brightness (% of EGFP)	References	序列
EGFP	Enhanced green fluorescent protein; codon optimized based on a variant of wild type GFP from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria	Commonly used green fluorescent protein; ranked high in brightness, photostability and pH stability among all fluorescent proteins.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	484	507	100	Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4592 (1996)	View
NLS-EGFP	EGFP with nuclear localization signal on both ends	Nuclear localization.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	484	507	100	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mGreenLantern	Improved variant of GFP generated by mutagenesis for enhanced brightness and folding; also known as mGL	Brighter than EGFP in mammalian cells and tissue; expressed rapidly and brightly in a broad range of applications.	Green	Monomer	503	514		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117:30710 (2020)	View
sfGFP	Superfolder green fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria; GFP variant S30R, Y39N, N105T, Y145F, I171V and A206V	Folds well when fused with a variety of other polypeptides; fast folding, highly stable.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	485	510	160	Nat Biotechnol. 24:79 (2006)	View
EmGFP	Emerald green fluorescent protein; variant of EGFP generated by mutagenesis	Enhanced photostability and brightness compared to its predecessor EGFP.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	487	509	116	Methods Cell Biol. 58:19 (1999)	View
TurboGFP	Also known as maxGFP; green fluorescent protein from maxillopoda	Fast maturation; ranked high in brightness, photostability and pH stability among all fluorescent proteins.	Green	Dimer	482	502	112	Mol Biol Evol. 21:841 (2004)	View
hrGFP	Humanized recombinant green fluorescent protein derived from Renilla reniformis	Low cytotoxicity.	Green	Monomer	500	506	100	J Biol Chem. 254:781 (1979)	View
d2EGFP	Destabilized EGFP due to addition of PEST sequence from mouse Odc1 gene	Fast turnover (fluorescence half-life is 2 hours).	Green	Monomer	488	507	100	J Biol Chem. 273:34970 (1998)	View
ZsGreen1	Bright green fluorescent protein derived from a Zoanthus sp. reef coral	High solubility; bright emission; rapid chromophore maturation.	Green	Tetramer	493	505	250	Nat Biotechnol. 17:969 (1999); J Histochem Cytochem. 55:931 (2007)	View
EGFP(S65T)	Enhanced green fluorescent protein with S65T mutation	Higher expression in plant than GFP	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	484	507	100	Curr Biol. 6:325 (1996)	View
mNeonGreen	Yellow-green fluorescent protein derived from a tetrameric fluorescent protein from the cephalochordate Branchiostoma lanceolatum	Brightest monomeric green or yellow fluorescent protein; superior photostability; good acid tolerance; fast maturation; excellent fusion tag for traditional imaging as well as stochastic single-molecule super resolution imaging; can be used for FRET.	Green or Yellow	Monomer	506	517	276	Nat Methods. 10:407 (2013)	View
Venus	Variant of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) generated by mutagenesis; YFP is itself a variant of EGFP generated by mutagenesis	Fast maturation and high tolerance to acidosis and Cl- compared to its predecessor YFP.	Yellow	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	515	528	156	Nat biotechnol. 20:87 (2002)	View
EYFP	Enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, GFP variant S65G/V68LS72A/T203Y	Excitation and emission are sensitive to pH; can be pH indicator in cytosol and nucleus.	Yellow	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	513	527	150	Science. 273: 1392 (1996); Structure. 6:1267 (1998)	View
YPet	Derived by combining mutations from Venus and YFP3; all these variants trace their origins to EGFP	Reduced pH sensitivity but slower folding rate compared to its predecessor Venus; can be used in conjunction with CyPet for FRET applications.	Yellow	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	517	530	238	Nat Biotechnol. 23:355 (2005)	View
Cerulean	Improved ECFP	With improved signal-to-noise ratio; 2.5-fold brighter than ECFP; can be used for FRET.	Cyan	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	433	475	79	Nat Biotechnol. 22:445 (2004)	View
CyPet	Variant of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) generated by mutagenesis; CFP is itself a variant of EGFP generated by mutagenesis	Improved protein folding rate compared to its predecessor CFP; can be used in conjunction with Ypet for FRET applications.	Cyan	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	435	477	53	Nat Biotechnol. 23:355 (2005)	View
AmCyan	Cyan fluorescent protein variant derived from Anemonia majano with N34S and K68M mutations	Brighter than ECFP.	Cyan	Tetramer	458	489	31	Nat Biotechnol. 17:969 (1999)	View
EBFP	Blue variant of EGFP generated by mutagenesis	Low fluorescence and low photostability.	Blue	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	383	445	27	Biochem. 46:5904 (2007)	View
TagBFP	Also known as mTagBFP; blue variant of TagRFP generated by mutagenesis	Rank high in brightness, photostability and pH stability among blue fluorescent proteins.	Blue	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	402	457	99	Chem Biol. 15:1116 (2008)	View
TagBFP2	Also known as mTagBFP2; improved variant of TagBFP generated by I174A mutation	Higher stability and brightness; rapid chromophore formation.	Blue	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	399	454	121	PLoS One. 6: e28674 (2011)	Ver 1 Ver 2
NLS-TagBFP2	TagBFP2 with nuclear localization signals on both ends	Nuclear localization.	Blue	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	399	454	121	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
Electra1	Blue variant of mRuby3 generated by site-directed mutagenesis	Brighter than TagBFP2 in some organisms and cell types.	Blue	Monomer	402	454		Sci Rep. 12:10190 (2022)	View
dTomato	Dimeric variant of the Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed) generated by mutagenesis	Fast maturation but slightly lower brightness compared to its predecessor DsRed.	Orange	Dimer	554	581	142	Nat Biotechnol. 22:1567 (2004)	View
tdTomato	Tandem dTomato generated by the fusion of two copies dTomato.	Exceptionally bright red fluorescent protein; low aggregation and low acid sensitivity.	Orange	Monomer (nonaggregating tandem dimer)	554	581	283	Nat Biotechnol. 22:1567 (2004)	View
NLS-tdTomato	tdTomato with nuclear localization signals on both ends	Nuclear localization.	Orange	Monomer (nonaggregating tandem dimer)	554	581	283	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
DsRed_Express2	Fast maturing variant of the Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed) generated by mutagenesis	High solubility, fast maturation, reduced green emission and reduced cytotoxicity compared to its predecessor DsRed.	Orange	Tetramer	554	591	72	Nat Biotechnol. 20:83 (2002)	View
TurboRFP	Derived from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor	Fast maturation; ranked high in brightness and pH stability among red fluorescent proteins.	Orange	Dimer	553	574	187	Nat Methods. 4:555 (2007)	View
mRFP1	Monomeric red fluorescent protein 1; variant of DsRed generated by mutagenesis	Fast maturation but lower brightness compared to its predecessor DsRed.	Red	Monomer	584	607	37	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99:7877 (2002)	View
mCherry	Variant of mRFP1 generated by mutagenesis	Commonly used red fluorescent protein; fast maturation compared to its predecessor, mRFP1.	Red	Monomer	587	610	47	Nat Biotechnol. 22:1567 (2004)	Ver 1 Ver 2
NLS-mCherry	mCherry with nuclear localization signals on both ends	Nuclear localization.	Red	Monomer	587	610	47	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mScarlet3	Variant of mScarlet generated by site-directed and random mutagenesis for enhanced brightness and maturation speed	Brighter than mCherry; excellent performance as fusion-tag, as FRET acceptor, and in live cell applications.	Red	Monomer	569	592		Nat Methods. 20:541 (2023)	View
mApple	Photostable monomeric derivative of DsRed	Brighter than mCherry; constant photostability.	Red	Monomer	568	592	109	Nat Methods. 5:545 (2008)	View
mKate2	Katushka2 far-red fluorescent protein	Fast maturation; high pH stability and photostability; low cytotoxicity; a superior fluorescent tag for imaging in living tissues.	Red	Monomer	588	633	74	Biochem J. 418: 567 (2009)	View
EGFP+IVS	EGFP inserted with 3 synthetic introns	Insertion of additional intron sequences results in increased gene expression in C. elegans.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	484	507	100	Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008)	View
EGFP/H2B	EGFP fused to histone H2B	Allows to be localized efficiently to chromatin and facilitates detection.	Green	Monomer (may form weak dimer)	484	507	100	Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008)	View
mCherry+IVS	mCherry inserted with 3 synthetic introns	Insertion of additional intron sequences results in increased gene expression in C. elegans.	Red	Monomer	587	610	47	Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008)	View
mCherry/H2B	mCherry fused to histone H2B	Allows to be localized efficiently to chromatin and facilitates detection.	Red	Monomer	587	610	47	Curr Biol. 18:1476 (2008)	View
TagRFP	Variant of TurboRFP generated by site-directed and random mutagenesis	High brightness, complete chromophore maturation, prolonged fluorescence lifetime, and high pH stability.	Red	Monomer	555	584	142	Nat Methods. 4:555 (2007)	View
miRFP670nano	Near-infrared fluorescent protein evolved from cyanobacteriochrome photoreceptor NpR3784	Small protein exhibited high binding efficiency of endogenous biliverdin chromophore; highly stable to denaturation and degradation and can be used as an internal protein tag; can be used for FRET.	Red		645	670	/	Nat Commun. 10:279 (2019)	View

双报告基因

姓名	描述	荧光	Selection Drug	Application Notes	References	序列
EGFP/Neo	EGFP fused with Neo	Green	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP/Puro	EGFP fused with Puro	Green	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP/Hygro	EGFP fused with Hygro	Green	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP/Bsd	EGFP fused with Bsd	Green	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
EGFP/Bleo	EGFP fused with Bleo	Green	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry/Neo	mCherry fused with Neo	Red	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
mCherry/Puro	mCherry fused with Puro	Red	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
mCherry/Hygro	mCherry fused with Hygro	Red	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
mCherry/Bsd	mCherry fused with Bsd	Red	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
mCherry/Bleo	mCherry fused with Bleo	Red	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2/Neo	TagBFP2 fused with Neo	Blue	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2/Puro	TagBFP2 fused with Puro	Blue	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2/Hygro	TagBFP2 fused with Hygro	Blue	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2/Bsd	TagBFP2 fused with Bsd	Blue	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2/Bleo	TagBFP2 fused with Bleo	Blue	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:T2A:Neo	EGFP and Neo linked by T2A	Green	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:T2A:Puro	EGFP and Puro linked by T2A	Green	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:T2A:Hygro	EGFP and Hygro linked by T2A	Green	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:T2A:Bsd	EGFP and Bsd linked by T2A	Green	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:T2A:Bleo	EGFP and Bleo linked by T2A	Green	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
mCherry:T2A:Neo	mCherry and Neo linked by T2A	Red	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:T2A:Puro	mCherry and Puro linked by T2A	Red	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:T2A:Hygro	mCherry and Hygro linked by T2A	Red	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:T2A:Bsd	mCherry and Bsd linked by T2A	Red	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by red fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:T2A:Bleo	mCherry and Bleo linked by T2A	Red	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
EGFP:P2A:Neo	EGFP and Neo linked by P2A	Green	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:P2A:Puro	EGFP and Puro linked by P2A	Green	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:P2A:Hygro	EGFP and Hygro linked by P2A	Green	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:P2A:Bsd	EGFP and Bsd linked by P2A	Green	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
EGFP:P2A:Bleo	EGFP and Bleo linked by P2A	Green	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:P2A:Neo	mCherry and Neo linked by P2A	mCherry	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by mCherry fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:P2A:Puro	mCherry and Puro linked by P2A	mCherry	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by mCherry fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:P2A:Hygro	mCherry and Hygro linked by P2A	mCherry	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by mCherry fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:P2A:Bsd	mCherry and Bsd linked by P2A	mCherry	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by mCherry fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
mCherry:P2A:Bleo	mCherry and Bleo linked by P2A	Red	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:T2A:Neo	TagBFP2 and Neo linked by T2A	Blue	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:T2A:Puro	TagBFP2 and Puro linked by T2A	Blue	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:T2A:Hygro	TagBFP2 and Hygro linked by T2A	Blue	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:T2A:Bsd	TagBFP2 and Bsd linked by T2A	Blue	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:T2A:Bleo	TagBFP2 and Bleo linked by T2A	Blue	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2:P2A:Neo	TagBFP2 and Neo linked by P2A	Blue	Geneticin (G418)	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to geneticin (G418).	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:P2A:Puro	TagBFP2 and Puro linked by P2A	Blue	Puromycin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to puromycin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2:P2A:Hygro	TagBFP2 and Hygro linked by P2A	Blue	Hygromycin B	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to hygromycin B.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	Ver 1 Ver 2
TagBFP2:P2A:Bsd	TagBFP2 and Bsd linked by P2A	Blue	Blasticidin	Allows cells to be visualized by blue fluorescence and resistant to blasticidin.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
TagBFP2:P2A:Bleo	TagBFP2 and Bleo linked by P2A	Blue	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Allows cells to be visualized by green fluorescence and resistant to Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View

化学发光报告基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Maximum Emission (nm)	References	序列
Luciferase	Firefly luciferase	Most commonly used luciferase.	560	Anal Biochem. 175:5 (1988)	View
Luc2	Humanized firefly luciferase	Codon optimized to reduce cryptic transcription factor binding sites.	560	Promega Notes. 89:7 (2005)	View
MetLuc	Metridia luciferase	Secreted luciferase that allows detection in cell culture medium without lysing cells.	480	J Biol Chem. 279:3212 (2004)	View
Rluc	Renilla luciferase	Can be used as internal control in dual luciferase assay when paired with firefly luciferase.	480	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88:4438 (1991)	View
Nluc	Nano Luciferase	Small and super bright; can be used in dual luciferase assay when paired with firefly luciferase.	460	ACS Chem Biol. 7:1848 (2012)	View
Aequorin	Calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydromedusan Aequorea victoria	Oxidizes coelenterazine (a luciferin molecule) into coelenteramide in the presence of Ca2+, emitting blue light in the process.	465	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 82:3154 (1985)	View
hRluc	Humanized renilla luciferase	Can be used as internal control in dual luciferase assay when paired with firefly luciferase.	480	Biochemistry. 16:85 (1977); J Biomed Opt. 10:41210 (2005)	View
hRluc/Puro	Humanized renilla luciferase fused with puromycin resistance gene	Can be used as internal control in dual luciferase assay when paired with firefly luciferase and allows cells to be resistant to puromycin.	480	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View

注意 :

Luc2, Rluc and Nluc are trademarks of Promega.

显色报告基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Substrate	Color	References	序列
LacZ	E. coli beta-galactosidase	High sensitivity.	X-gal or ONPG	Blue (X-gal); yellow (ONPG)	Microbiol Rev. 49:398 (1985)	Ver 1 Ver 2
SEAP	Human secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase	Secreted protein that allows detection in cell culture medium without lysing cells.	NBT/BCIP	Purple-blue	Gene. 66:1 (1988)	View
GUSPlus	A synthetic gusA gene based on the sequence from Staphylococcus sp., with a catalase intron inserted into the coding sequence to prevent expression in bacterial cells	A reporter to investigate gene transfer from Agrobacterium to plants; produces a GUS protein detectable in recipient plant.	X-Gluc	Blue	Nature. 433:629 (2005)	View

注意 :

Some components have different versions that differ slightly in sequence but are functionally equivalent. VectorBuilder may use different versions depending on context.
GUSPlus contains an intron so that its length is not multiple of 3.

pH敏感型荧光报告基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
pHluorin2	Enhanced, ratiometric, pH-sensitive green florescent protein	Has a bimodal excitation spectrum with peaks at 395 and 475 nm and an emission maximum at 509 nm; upon acidification, it has a dose-dependent decrease in the excitation at 395 nm with a corresponding increase in the excitation at 475 nm; it has a reversible excitation ratio change between pH 5.4~8.4.	Nature. 394:192 (1998); Adv Biosci Biotechnol. 2:132 (2011); Front Plant Sci. 4:523 (2013)	View
Superecliptic-pHluorin	Red-shifted ecliptic pHluorin that is excited strongly by blue light at neutral pH but minimal fluorescence at acidic pH	Displays a reversible excitation ratio change between pH 6.5~8.0.	Biophys J. 79:2199 (2000); Front Plant Sci. 4:523 (2013)	View
mt-mKeima	Monomeric dual-excitation Keima protein derived from stony coral Montipora by numerous cycles of semi-random mutagenesis; fused with a tandem repeat of mitochondria-targeting sequences from COX VIII	Localizes to the mitochondrial matrix for the detection of mitophagy using reporter color change. The excitation wavelength of the mKeima fluorescent protein is determined by the pH of the environment, with an excitation wavelength centered at 440 nm at neutral pH and an excitation of 586 nm at an acidic pH. The emission wavelength of Keima is identical at either pH and peaks maximally at 620 nm.	Chem Biol.18:1042 (2011); Nat Protoc.12:1576 (2017)	View

钙指示剂

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
GCaMP6s	Variant of green fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6 with slow kinetics, ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Rise time: 100-150 ms, Kd = 144 nM; Most sensitive	Nature. 499:295 (2013); Cell Calcium. 58:638 (2015)	View
GCaMP6m	Variant of green fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6 with medium kinetics, ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Rise time: 74-100 ms, Kd = 167 nM	Nature. 499:295 (2013); Cell Calcium. 58:638 (2015)	View
GCaMP6f	Variant of green fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6 with fast kinetics, ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Rise time: 50-75 ms, Kd = 375 nM; Fastest	Nature. 499:295 (2013); Cell Calcium. 58:638 (2015)	View
jGCaMP7s	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP7 with slow kinetics; ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Half-rise time: 70±2 ms, Kd = 68 nM; Most sensitive	Nat Methods. 16:649 (2019)	View
jGCaMP7f	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP7 with fast kinetics; ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Half-rise time: 75±1 ms, Kd = 174 nM; Fastest	Nat Methods. 16:649 (2019)	View
jGCaMP7b	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP7 with brighter baseline fluorescence; ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Half-rise time: 80±1 ms, Kd = 82 nM; Brightest	Nat Methods. 16:649 (2019)	View
jGCaMP7c	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP7 which offers high contrast with low baseline fluorescence; ultrasensitive sensor of free calcium	Half-rise time: 85±3 ms, Kd = 298 nM; High contrast	Nat Methods. 16:649 (2019)	View
jGCaMP8s	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP8 with the highest sensitivity, suitable for in vivo imaging	Half-rise time: 10.2±0.9 ms, Kd = 46±1 nM; Fast rise, slow decay, most sensitive.	Nature. 615:884 (2023)	View
jGCaMP8m	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP8 with medium sensitivity and kinetics, suitable for in vivo imaging	Half-rise time: 7.4±0.6 ms, Kd = 108±3 nM; Fast rise, medium decay, moderate sensitivity.	Nature. 615:884 (2023)	View
jGCaMP8f	Variant of the green fluorescent protein-based calcium indicator GCaMP8 with the fastest kinetics and lower sensitivity, suitable for in vivo imaging	Half-rise time: 6.6±1 ms, Kd = 334±18 nM; Fast rise, fast decay.	Nature. 615:884 (2023)	View

抗药性基因

姓名	描述	Selection Drug	Usage	Application Notes	References	序列
Neo	Neomycin resistance gene	Geneticin (G418)	Positive selection	Allows cells to be resistant to geneticin (G418).	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 81:6466 (1984)	View
Puro	Puromycin resistance gene	Puromycin	Positive selection	Allows cells to be resistant to puromycin.	Gene. 62:121 (1988)	View
Hygro	Hygromycin resistance gene	Hygromycin B	Positive selection	Allows cells to be resistant to hygromycin B.	Gene. 56:117 (1987)	Ver 1 Ver 2
Bsd	Blasticidin resistance gene	Blasticidin	Positive selection	Allows cells to be resistant to blasticidin.	Biochim Biophys Acta. 1219:653 (1994)	Ver 1 Ver 2
Bleo	Bleomycin resistance gene	Bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™	Positive selection	Allows cells to be resistant to bleomycin, phleomycin or Zeocin™.	Somat Cell Mol Genet. 14:243 (1988)	View
Bar	Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene	Glufosinate (phosphinothricin)	Positive selection	Allows plant to be resistant to phosphinothricin.	Plant Mol Biol. 21:871 (1993)	View
Neo/Kana	Neomycin phosphotransferase II gene	G418 or Kanamycin	Positive selection	Allows plant to be resistant to G418 or Kanamycin.	Methods Mol Biol. 44:201 (1995)	View
Hygro	Hygromycin resistance gene	Hygromycin B	Positive selection	Allows plant to be resistant to Hygromycin B.	Biotechnol Lett. 29:1793 (2007)	View

注意 :

Some components have different versions that differ slightly in sequence but are functionally equivalent. VectorBuilder may use different versions depending on context.

筛选标记表达框

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Selection Drug	References	序列
Neo-cassette	mPGK promoter driving Neo with SV40 late pA	Allows cells to be resistant to geneticin (G418).	Geneticin (G418)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
Puro-cassette	mPGK promoter driving Puro with SV40 late pA	Allows cells to be resistant to puromycin.	Puromycin	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LoxP-Neo-LoxP	mPGK promoter driving Neo with SV40 late pA, flanked by LoxP	Allows cells to be resistant to geneticin (G418); can be deleted by Cre recombinase.	Geneticin (G418)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
FRT-Neo-FRT	mPGK promoter driving Neo with SV40 late pA, flanked by FRT	Allows cells to be resistant to geneticin (G418); can be deleted Flp recombinase.	Geneticin (G418)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LoxP-Puro-LoxP	mPGK promoter driving Puro with SV40 late pA, flanked by LoxP	Allows cells to be resistant to puromycin; can be deleted by Cre recombinase.	Puromycin	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
FRT-Puro-FRT	mPGK promoter driving Puro with SV40 late pA, flanked by FRT	Allows cells to be resistant to puromycin; can be deleted by Flp recombinase.	Puromycin	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
3xP3-DsRed	DsRed fluorescent marker driven by 3xP3 promoter	Used for identification of genetically engineered fly lines.	-	Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 32:1221 (2002)	View

自杀基因

姓名	描述	Inducer	Application Notes	References	序列
FKBP/Casp8	FK506-binding protein 12 (with F36V mutation) fused with human caspase-8 protein deleted for 1-215 AA and linked to the N-myristoylation signal from Src kinase	Dimerization drug, e.g. AP20187	Promotes rapid caspase-8 mediated apoptotic cell death upon AP20187 induced dimerization of FKBP-12.	J Biol Chem. 285: 16632 (2010)	View
iCasp9	FK506-binding protein 12 (with F36V mutation) fused with human caspase-9 protein deleted for 1-134 AA and linked to a HA tag	Dimerization drug, e.g. AP20187	Promotes rapid caspase-9 mediated apoptotic cell death upon AP20187 induced dimerization of FKBP-12.	Blood. 105:4247 (2005); N Engl J Med. 365:1673 (2011); Mol Ther. 26:1266 (2018)	View
deltaTK	Truncated thymidine kinase that converts ganciclovir (GCV) into a toxic metabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis	Ganciclovir (GCV)	Allows cells to be killed by ganciclovir (GCV); can be used in embryonic stem cells to generate knockout mice without causing sterility in mice.	Genesis. 28:31 (2000)	View
CodA	E.coli cytosine deaminase that catalyzes 5-fluorocytosine into toxic 5-fluorouracil	5-fluorocytosine (5FC)	Allows cells to be killed by 5-fluorocytosine (5FC)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89:33 (1992)	View
DTA	Diphtheria toxin A	-	Induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting EF-2 synthesis.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 87:9918 (1990)	View
DTR	Simian diphtheria toxin receptor	Diphtheria toxin (DT)	Cells expressing DTR are sensitive to diphtheria toxin (DT); DTR can be used for conditional and targeted cell ablation.	Cell. 69:1051 (1992)	View
peel-1	C. elegans peel-1 gene	-	Ectopic expression of peel-1 at later life stages of C. elegans causes cell death and lethality.	PLoS Biol. 9:e1001115 (2011); Nat Methods. 9:117 (2012)	View

酵母筛选标记

姓名	描述	Auxotrophic Complementation	Application Notes	References	序列
URA3	Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Uracil and uridine	Allows yeast lacking endogenous URA3 gene to survive without uracil and uridine.	Mol Gen Genet. 197:345 (1984); Genetics. 122:19 (1989)	View
TRP1	Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase TRP1 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Tryptophan	Allows yeast lacking endogenous TRP1 gene to survive without tryptophan.	Genetics. 122:19 (1989)	View
HIS3	Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Histidine	Allows yeast lacking endogenous HIS3 gene to survive without histidine.	Genetics. 122:19 (1989)	View
LEU2	3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Leucine	Allows yeast lacking endogenous LEU2 gene to survive without leucine.	Genetics. 122:19 (1989)	View

DNA重组酶

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Target Sites	References	序列
Cre	Cyclization recombinase with SV40 nuclear localization signal	Most commonly used site-specific recombinase	LoxP and its variants (e.g. LoxN, Lox2272, Lox511, Lox66, Lox71)	Nucleic Acids Res. 32:6086 (2004); Nat Methods. 10:1028 (2013)	Ver 1 Ver 2
InCre	Cre with SV40 T-antigen intron inserted in the ORF	Prevents recombinase expression in E. coli while maintaining function in mammalian cells.	LoxP and its variants (e.g. LoxN, Lox2272, Lox511, Lox66, Lox71)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
Flpo	Mouse codon-optimized version of Flpe recombinase with SV40 nuclear localization signal	Higher efficiency compared to its predecessor, Flpe, in mammalian cells.	FRT and its variants (e.g. FRT3, FRT5)	PLoS One. 2:e162 (2007); Genesis. 48:512 (2010)	View
InFlpo	Flpo with SV40 T-antigen intron inserted in the ORF	Prevents recombinase expression in E. coli while maintaining function in mammalian cells.	FRT and its variants (e.g. FRT3, FRT5)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
Dre	Dre Recombinase	A highly efficient site-specific recombinase similar to Cre, but recognizing different target sites.	Rox and its variants (e.g. Rox4R, Rox6R, Rox2N )	Nucleic Acids Res. 32:6086 (2004)	View
InDre	Dre with SV40 T-antigen intron inserted in the ORF	Prevents recombinase expression in E.coli while maintaining function in mammalian cells.	Rox and its variants (e.g. Rox4R, Rox6R, Rox2N )	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
PBase	Native piggyBac transposase from Trichoplusia ni	Recognizes the two TRs on the piggyBac transposon and inserts the flanked region including the two TRs into host chromosomal sites that contain the TTAA sequence through a precise cut-and-paste mechanism.	PiggyBac inverted terminal repeat (ITR)	Virology. 172:156 (1989); Cell. 122:473 (2005); Nat Genet. 39:922 (2007)	View
hyPBase	Hyperactive version of piggyBac transposase (PBase) created by mutagenesis	Higher efficiency compared to its predecessor, PBase, in mammalian cells.	PiggyBac inverted terminal repeat (ITR)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108:1531 (2011)	View
hyPBase (R372A/K375A/D450N)	Excision competent/integration defective piggyBac transposase with R372A, K375A and D450N mutations	Allows piggyBac transposon excision without potentially harmful reintegration.	PiggyBac inverted terminal repeat (ITR)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110:E2279 (2013); J Biol Chem. 292: 6148 (2017)	View
Tol2	Transposase encoded from Tol2 transposon, a member of hAT transposable element family found in medaka fish genome	Catalyzes the transposition of a non-autonomous Tol2 construct (a construct containing a deletion in the transposase coding region but retaining the Tol2 ends.)	Tol2 inverted terminal repeat (ITR)	PLoS Genet. 2:e169 (2006); Gene. 425:64 (2008); Methods Mol Biol. 561:41 (2009)	View
SB100X	Hyperactive variant of Sleeping Beauty transposase	Approximately 100-fold higher efficiency compared to the first-generation Sleeping Beauty transposase. Enables robust, stable gene transfer in vertebrates.	Inverted/direct repeats (IR/DR) of Sleeping Beauty transposon	Nat Genet. 41:753 (2009)	View
Mos1	Drosophila Mos1 transposase inserted with a synthetic intron	Recognizes the two TRs on the Mos1 transposon and inserts the flanked region including the two TRs into host chromosomal sites that contain the TA sequence through a precise cut-and-paste mechanism.	Inverted/direct repeats (IR/DR) of Mos1 transposon	Trends Genet. 15:326 (1999); Nat Methods. 9:117 (2012)	View

药物性DNA重组酶

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Target Sites	References	序列
CreERT2	Cyclization recombinase fused with ERT2	Functions in the presence of tamoxifen	LoxP and its variants (e.g. LoxN, Lox2272, Lox511, Lox66, Lox71)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:1027 (2007)	View
DD-Cre	Destabilized cyclization recombinase	Functions in the presence of trimethoprim	LoxP and its variants (e.g. LoxN, Lox2272, Lox511, Lox66, Lox71)	Nat Methods. 10:1085 (2013)	View

转录调控蛋白

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Target Sites	References	序列
Gal4	Gal4 can bind to the galactose upstream activating sequence (UAS) to activate downstream genes expression	Gal4 can bind to the promoters which bear the galactose upstream activating sequence (UAS), then activate downstream genes expression.	UAS	Development. 118:401 (1993)	View
Gal4/VP16	Yeast transcription activator protein Gal4 DNA binding domain fused to VP16 transactivation domain	Gal4 can bind to UAS to activate downstream gene transcription; this fusion protein of Gal4 and VP16 can strongly activate gene expression in zebrafish.	UAS	Dev Biol. 233:329 (2001)	View
VP16	VP16 transcriptional activator domain encoded by HSV	Activates gene expression, commonly used with other DNA binding proteins.		Cell. 149:1447 (2012)	View
VP64	Tetrameric repeat of the minimal activation domain of VP16	Strongly activates gene expression, commonly used with other DNA binding proteins.		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95: 14628 (1998); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97: 1495 (2000)	View
scFv(GCN4)-sfGFP-GB1-VP64	Anti-GCN4 single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody fused to superfolder-GFP (sfGFP) with a GB1 solubility tag and VP64 transcriptional activator domain	Encodes a fusion protein consisting of GCN4 antibody, sfGFP and VP64; tightly binds to GCN4 peptide arrays (SunTag).	SunTag	Cell. 159: 635 (2014)	View
KRAB	Krüppel-associated box domain from human gene ZNF10	Inhibits gene expression, commonly used with other DNA binding proteins.		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91:4509 (1994); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97: 1495 (2000)	View
MS2/P65/HSF1	Fusion protein of MS2 bacteriophage coat protein, NF-kappaB trans-activating subunit p65 and human heat-shock factor 1 activation domain	Through MS2 binding to gRNA tetraloop and stem-loop 2, p65 and HSF1 are recruited to gRNA target site and activate transcription.		EMBO J. 12:595 (1993); PLoS Biol. 7:e73 (2009); Redox Biol. 2:535 (2014)	Ver 1 Ver 2
CymR	CymR repressor	Can bind to cumate operator (CuO) sequences in the absence of cumate and blocks transcription. When cumate is added, CymR preferentially binds to it to allow transcription to proceed.	CuO	BMC Biotechnol. 6:43(2006)	View
CymR_NLS	CymR repressor with nuclear localization signal on both ends	Can bind to cumate operator (CuO) sequences in the absence of cumate and blocks transcription. When cumate is added, CymR preferentially binds to it to allow transcription to proceed.	CuO	BMC Biotechnol. 6:43(2006); Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LacI:T2A:Neo	Lac repressor and neomycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express LacI protein and be resistant to neomycin. In the absence of IPTG, LacI binds to lac operator (LacO) to repress transcription of downstream genes or small RNAs. In the presence of IPTG, LacI undergoes a conformational change and is no longer able to bind to LacO, thus allowing downstream genes or small RNAs to be transcribed.	LacO	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LacI:T2A:Puro	Lac repressor and puromycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express LacI protein and be resistant to puromycin. In the absence of IPTG, LacI binds to lac operator (LacO) to repress transcription of downstream genes or small RNAs. In the presence of IPTG, LacI undergoes a conformational change and is no longer able to bind to LacO, thus allowing downstream genes or small RNAs to be transcribed.	LacO	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LacI:T2A:Hygro	Lac repressor and hygromycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express LacI protein and be resistant to hygromycin. In the absence of IPTG, LacI binds to lac operator (LacO) to repress transcription of downstream genes or small RNAs. In the presence of IPTG, LacI undergoes a conformational change and is no longer able to bind to LacO, thus allowing downstream genes or small RNAs to be transcribed.	LacO	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LacI:T2A:Bsd	Lac repressor and blasticidin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express LacI protein and be resistant to blasticidin. In the absence of IPTG, LacI binds to lac operator (LacO) to repress transcription of downstream genes or small RNAs. In the presence of IPTG, LacI undergoes a conformational change and is no longer able to bind to LacO, thus allowing downstream genes or small RNAs to be transcribed.	LacO	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
LacI:T2A:Bleo	Lac repressor and bleomycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express LacI protein and be resistant to bleomycin. In the absence of IPTG, LacI binds to lac operator (LacO) to repress transcription of downstream genes or small RNAs. In the presence of IPTG, LacI undergoes a conformational change and is no longer able to bind to LacO, thus allowing downstream genes or small RNAs to be transcribed.	LacO	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View

Tet调控蛋白

姓名	描述	Application Notes	Target Sites	References	序列
tTA	Tetracycline transactivator	It binds to TRE promoter to activate gene transcription only in the absence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline).	TRE	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89:5547 (1992)	View
tTA2	Tetracycline transactivator (2nd generation)	It binds to TRE promoter to activate higher-level gene transcription in the absence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline) compared to its predecessor, tTA.	TRE	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:7963 (2000)	View
rtTA	Reverse tetracycline responsive transcriptional activator M2 (2nd generation)	It binds to TRE promoter to activate gene transcription only in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). It has higher sensitivity to the inducing drug and lower leaky activity in the absence of the drug compared to its predecessor, rtTA.	TRE	Science. 268:1766 (1995); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:7963 (2000)	View
tTS	Tetracycline transcriptional silencer	It binds to TRE promoter to actively suppress gene transcription only in the absence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline).	TRE	J Gene Med. 1:4 (1999)	View
tTS/rtTA	tTS and rtTA_M2 linked by T2A	In the absence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline), tTS binds to TRE promoter to actively suppress gene transcription whereas rtTA_M2 is unable to bind to TRE promoter. In the presence of the inducing drug, tTS dissociates from TRE promoter whereas rtTA_M2 binds to TRE promoter to activate gene transcription. Compared to using rtTA_M2 alone, which does not provide active repression, this system has lower leaky expression in the absence of the inducing drug.	TRE	Engineered by VectorBuilder based on Semin Cell Dev Biol. 13:121 (2002)	View
Tet3G	3rd generation tet regulatory protein	It binds to TRE3G promoter to activate gene transcription in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline).	TRE3G	Gene Ther. 13:1382 (2006)	View

永生化细胞诱导基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
SV40-T	Simian virus 40 large T antigen	Capable of inducing malignant transformation of a variety of cell types; can be used to immortalize primary cells.	J Virol. 64:3350 (1990)	View
hHRAS[NM_176795.4]	Human Ras proto-oncogene. Belongs to the Ras family of small GTPases, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses	Mutations and overexpression of this gene can induce transformation of a variety of cell types.	Nature. 304:596 (1983); Genes Dev.15:50 (2001); Oncogene. 21:4577 (2002)	View
hTERT	Human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene. Plays an important role in cellular senescence, and deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis	Capable of inducing transformation of a variety of cells, and can be used to immortalize primary human cells.	Genes Dev.15:50 (2001); Cancer Res. 61:3556 (2001); Oncogene. 21:4577 (2002); PLoS Pathog.9:e1003284 (2013)	View
Ad5E1A	Human adenovirus type 5 E1A protein gene	Capable of inducing cellular transformation. Can be used to immortalize various primary cells.	Hum Gene Ther.11:2105 (2000); J Virol. 91:e01782 (2016)	View
HPV16E6	Human papillomavirus type 16 transforming protein E6 gene	Capable of inducing cellular transformation. Can be used to immortalize various primary cells.	EMBO J.8:3905 (1989); Mol Cell J Virol. 65:4860 (1991); Biol. 24:2144 (2004)	View
HPV16E7	Human papillomavirus type 16 transforming protein E7 gene	Capable of inducing cellular transformation. Can be used to immortalize various primary cells.	J. Gen. Virol. 70:1261 (1989); EMBO J.8:3905 (1989); J Virol.81:12689 (2007)	View
hTP53(V143A)	Human sapiens tumor suppressor p53 gene with a V143A mutation	Can be used to induce malignant transformation of a variety of cells.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96:8438 (1999)	View

iPS干细胞诱导基因

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
hMYC	Human c-myc proto-oncogene. Belongs to myelocytomatosis (Myc) family of transcription factors. Plays a role in cell cycle procession, apoptosis and cellular transformation	Mutations, overexpression, rearrangement and translocation of this gene can induce transformation or immortalization of a variety of cell types.	Nature. 306:194 (1983); Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:11198 (2000); Cancer Res. 65:2179 (2005); Mol Cancer Res. 5:1181 (2007); J Virol.81:12689 (2007)	View
hOct4	Human Oct-4 gene. Encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain that plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell pluripotency. Aberrant expression in adult tissues is associated with tumorigenesis.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties and malignant progression in various cancers. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Cell Research. 12:321 (2002); Science. 318:1917 (2007); J Stem Cells Regen Med. 6:149 (2010); DNA Cell Biol. 36:1000 (2017)	View
hSOX2	Human transcription factor SOX-2 gene. Belongs to the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, which is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties and malignant progression in various cancers. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Science. 318:1917 (2007); J Stem Cells Regen Med. 6:149 (2010); DNA Cell Biol. 36:1000 (2017)	View
mMyc	Mouse myc proto-oncogene. Belongs to myelocytomatosis (Myc) family of transcription factors. Plays a role in cell cycle procession, apoptosis and cellular transformation	Mutations, overexpression, rearrangement and translocation of this gene can induce transformation or immortalization of a variety of cell types.	Cell. 39:339 (1984); Nature. 320:760 (1986); Mol Cell Biol. 7:3899 (1987); Cell. 126:663 (2006); Nature. 451:141 (2008)	View
mOCT4	Mouse Oct-4 gene. Encodes a transcription factor containing a POU homeodomain that plays a key role in embryonic development and stem cell pluripotency.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Cell. 126:663 (2006); Nature. 448:318 (2007); Nature. 451:141 (2008)	View
mSox2	Mouse transcription factor SOX-2 gene. Belongs to the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, which is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Cell. 126:663 (2006); Nature. 448:318 (2007); Nature. 451:141 (2008)	View
hNanog	Human nanog homeobox gene. Encodes a DNA-binding homeobox-family transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties and malignant progression in various cancers. Can block ES cell differentiation, autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells, and can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Science. 318:1917 (2007); J Stem Cells Regen Med. 6:149 (2010); Mol Cell Biochem. 351:109 (2011); DNA Cell Biol. 36:1000 (2017)	View
mNanog	Mouse nanog homeobox gene. Encodes a DNA-binding homeobox-family transcription factor involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation, renewal, and pluripotency.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. Can block ES cell differentiation, autorepress its own expression in differentiating cells, and can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	Cell. 113:631 (2003); Nature. 448:318 (2007)	View
hKLF4	Human Kruppel-like factor gene. Belongs to the relatively large family of SP1-like transcription factors and is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and somatic cell reprogramming.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. It can prevent ES cell differentiation and maintain ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types. Can function as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on differing cellular contexts and cancer types.	J Biol Chem. 285:9180 (2010); Nat Commun. 9:1261 (2018); Gene. 611: 27 (2017)	View
mKlf4	Mouse Kruppel-like factor (Klf4) gene. Belongs to the relatively large family of SP1-like transcription factors and is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and somatic cell reprogramming.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. It can prevent ES cell differentiation and maintain ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types. Can function as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on differing cellular contexts and cancer types.	J Biol Chem. 285:9180 (2010); Gene. 611: 27 (2017); Nat Commun. 9:1261 (2018)	View
hLIN28A	Human lin-28 homolog A gene. Encodes a LIN-28 family RNA-binding protein that acts as a posttranscriptional regulator of genes involved in development, self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and metabolism. Overexpressed in human embryonic stem cells, primary human tumors and human cancer cell lines.	It is dispensable for maintaining pluripotency. Regulate the self-renewal of stem cells. Can be used to promote efficient reprogramming of a variety of cell types. Enhances tissue repair in some adult tissues by reprogramming cellular bioenergetics. Promotes the expression of some metabolic enzymes. Can regulate glucose homeostasis in mammals and promote resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.	Cell. 155: 778 (2013); Cell Stem Cell. 19:66 (2016)	View
mLin28A	Mouse lin-28 homolog A gene. Encodes a LIN-28 family RNA-binding protein that acts as a posttranscriptional regulator of genes involved in development, self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and metabolism. Highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells and during early embryogenesis.	It is dispensable for maintaining pluripotency. Can be used to promote efficient reprogramming of a variety of cell types. Regulate the self-renewal of stem cells. Overexpression in mice can cause gigantism and a delay in puberty onset. Enhances tissue repair in some adult tissues by reprogramming cellular bioenergetics. Can promote the expression of some metabolic enzymes. Can regulate glucose homeostasis in mammals and promote resistance to high fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.	Cell. 155: 778 (2013); Cell Stem Cell. 19:66 (2016)	View
hESRRB	Human estrogen-related-receptor β gene. Encodes a member of the nuclear orphan receptor family that is involved in early development, pluripotency and reprogramming.	Activates Oct4 transcription and sustains self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	J Biol Chem. 283:35825 (2008); FEBS Lett. 592:852 (2018); J Cell Physiol. 233:1601 (2018)	View
mEsrrb	Mouse estrogen-related-receptor β gene. Encodes a member of the nuclear orphan receptor family that is involved in early development, pluripotency and reprogramming.	Activates Oct4 transcription and sustains self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. Can be used to reprogram a variety of cell types.	J Biol Chem. 283:35825 (2008); FEBS Lett. 592:852 (2018); J Cell Physiol. 233:1601 (2018)	View
mOSKM	A combination of four reprogramming factor genes (mouse Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc) linked by three 2A “self-cleaving” peptides. Involved in reprogramming, or generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Their expression commonly increases in metastatic cancers.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. It can prevent ES cell differentiation and maintain ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Can be used to reprogram both embryonic and adult somatic cells.	Stem Cells Int. 2016:9451492 (2016); Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 1864:1359 (2017)	View
hOSKM	A combination of four reprogramming factor genes (human Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc) linked by three 2A “self-cleaving” peptides. Involved in reprogramming, or generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Their expression commonly increases in metastatic cancers.	Required for the maintenance of stem cell properties. It can prevent ES cell differentiation and maintain ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Can be used to reprogram both embryonic and adult somatic cells.	Stem Cells Int. 2016:9451492 (2016); Stem Cells Int. 2019: 1393791 (2019)	View

光敏感型蛋白

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
ChR2	Human codon-optimized channelrhodopsin-2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a blue light-gated, cation-selective transmembrane channel protein. It rapidly undergoes conformational change upon absorbing photons to open channel permeable to cations (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, etc.)	Can activate excitable cells (such as neurons, muscle cells, pancreatic cells, and immune cells) by inducting depolarization of the cell membrane upon blue light stimulation; rapid ON-rate and moderate channel closing rate; maximum excitation is 470 nm.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 100:13940 (2003); Nature. 446:633 (2007); Exp Physiol.96:19 (2011)	View
ChR2/mCherry	ChR2 fused with mCherry by GCGGCCGCC	mCherry can mark cellular localization of ChR2; maximum excitation of ChR2 is 470 nm; maximum excitation and emission of mCherry are 587 nm and 610 nm, respectively.	Nature. 446:633 (2007)	View
ChR2/EYFP	ChR2 fused with EYFP by GCGGCCGCC	EYFP can mark cellular localization of ChR2; maximum excitation of ChR2 is 470 nm; maximum excitation and emission of EYFP are 513 nm and 527 nm, respectively.	Nature. 446:633 (2007)	View
ChR2(H134R)	A gain-of-function mutant (H134R) of human codon-optimized channelrhodopsin-2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	Compared to ChR2, it has increased light sensitivity, slower channel closing rate, enhanced stationary photocurrent and modest reduction in desensitization, but it is less temporally precise; maximum excitation is 470 nm.	Curr Biol. 15:2279 (2005); Exp Physiol. 96:19 (2011)	View
ChR2(H134R)/mCherry	ChR2(H134R) fused with mCherry by GCGGCCGCC	mCherry can mark cellular localization of ChR2_H134R; maximum excitation of ChR2_H134R is 470 nm; maximum excitation and emission of mCherry are 587 nm and 610 nm, respectively.	Nature. 446:633 (2007)	View
ChR2(H134R)/EYFP	ChR2(H134R) fused with EYFP by GCGGCCGCC	EYFP can mark cellular localization of ChR2_H134R; maximum excitation of ChR2_H134R is 470 nm; maximum excitation and emission of EYFP are 513 nm and 527 nm, respectively.	Nature. 446:633 (2007)	View
eNpHR2.0/EYFP	Enhanced Halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) which is fused with EYFP. NpHR is a fast light-activated electrogenic Cl- pump. There is an nAChR-derived signal peptide tagged to the N-terminal of NpHR, and a Kir2.1-derived ER export signal peptide tagged to the C-terminal of EYFP to facilitate cell surface expression of NpHR	Light activation of NpHR leads to cell hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing action potentials; increased peak photocurrent compared to original NpHR; no aggregation; low cellular toxicity; maximum excitation is 580 nm; maximum excitation and emission of EYFP are 513 nm and 527 nm, respectively.	Nature. 446:633 (2007); Brain Cell Biol. 36:129 (2008)	View
eNpHR3.0/EYFP	Third generation of Halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) which is fused with EYFP. NpHR is a fast light-activated electrogenic Cl- pump. There is an nAChR-derived signal peptide tagged to the N-terminal of EYFP, and a Kir2.1-derived ER export signal peptide tagged to the C-terminal of EYFP to facilitate cell surface expression of NpHR	Light activation of NpHR leads to cell hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing action potentials; increased peak photocurrent compared to original NpHR; no aggregation; low cellular toxicity; maximum excitation is 580 nm; maximum excitation and emission of EYFP are 513 nm and 527 nm, respectively.	Front Behav Neurosci. 9: 286. (2015)	View
eNpHR3.0/mCherry	Third generation of Halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) which is fused with mCherry. NpHR is a fast light-activated electrogenic Cl- pump. There is an nAChR-derived signal peptide tagged to the N-terminal of mCherry, and a Kir2.1-derived ER export signal peptide tagged to the C-terminal of mCherry to facilitate cell surface expression of NpHR	Light activation of NpHR leads to cell hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing action potentials; increased peak photocurrent compared to original NpHR; no aggregation; low cellular toxicity; maximum excitation is 580 nm; maximum excitation and emission of mCherry are 587 nm and 610 nm, respectively.	Unpublished, provided by Karl Deisseroth through the UNC vector core	View

人工毒蕈碱型受体

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
hM3D(Gq)	A modified form of human Gq-coupled M3 muscarinic receptor, belonging to a class of chemogenetic receptors called designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)	Allows engagement of the Gq signaling pathway in the presence of the synthetic ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), leading to intracellular calcium ion release and enhanced neuronal excitation.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:5163 (2007)	View
hM4D(Gi)	A modified form of human Gi-coupled M4 muscarinic receptor, belonging to a class of chemogenetic receptors called designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)	Allows engagement of the Gi signaling pathway in the presence of the synthetic ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), leading to potassium ion influx and decreased neuronal firing rates.	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104:5163 (2007)	View

Cas蛋白

姓名	描述	Application Notes	PAM Sequence	References	序列
zCas9	Zebrafish codon-optimized version of S. pyogenes Cas9 with SV40 large T-antigen nuclear localization signals (nls) at both its amino and carboxyl termini	Generates double-strand DNA breaks.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110: 13904 (2013)	View
hCas9	Human codon-optimized CRISPR associated protein 9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (with codon-optimized 3xFLAG tag and nuclear localization signal), also known as SpCas9	Generates double-strand DNA breaks.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Science. 339:819 (2013)	View
Cas9(D10A)	Human codon-optimized CRISPR associated protein 9 with D10A mutation, HA tag and nuclear localization signal	Nickase; generates 5' overhang; can induce NHEJ with paired offset gRNAs; reduced off-target effect.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Cell. 154: 1380 (2013)	View
dCas9	Catalytically inactive Cas9, a variant of Cas9 bearing both D10A and H840A mutations	Catalytically inactive but can be recruited by gRNAs to target sites; can be fused to other proteins to direct them to specific genomic locations (e.g. dCas9 fused with transcriptional activators or repressors can lead to activation or repression of target genes).	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Nat Biotechnol. 32: 347 (2014)	View
dCas9/VP64	dCas9 fused with a VP64 acidic transactivation domain	Used for RNA-guided transcriptional activation	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:1495 (2000); Nat Methods. 10:973 (2013)	View
dCas9/VPR	dCas9 fused with a tripartite VP64-p65-Rta (VPR) transactivation domain	Used for RNA-guided transcriptional activation.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Nat Methods. 12:326 (2015)	View
dCas9/KRAB	dCas9 fused with a KRAB transcriptional silencing domain	Used for RNA-guided transcriptional repression	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:1495 (2000); Cell. 159:647 (2014)	View
dCas9/KRAB/MeCP2	dCas9 fused with a carboxy terminal bipartite repressor domain, KRAB-MeCP2	Efficiently suppresses gene transcription by physically blocking RNA polymerase passage by dCas9 and further transcriptional inhibition by the KRAB-MeCP2 repressor domain.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Cell. 88:471 (1997); Nat Methods. 15:611 (2018)	View
dCas9-10xGCN4_v4	dCas9 with SV40 large T-antigen nuclear localization signals (nls) at both its amino and carboxyl termini, fused to an optimized GCN4 antibody-peptide pair (containing v4 version of the GCN4 peptide array with 10 copies of the peptide binding site, also know as SunTag10x_v4)	Modulates transcription of endogenous genes by recruitment of multiple copies of regulatory effector domains to genomic sites of interest targeted by dCas9 protein via binding of scFv antibody to a GCN4 repeating peptide array termed SunTag.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Cell. 159: 635 (2014)	View
SpCas9-HF1	High-fidelity variant of SpCas9	Designed to reduce non-specific DNA contacts; fewer off-target cuts.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Nature. 529:490 (2016)	View
eSpCas9	Enhanced specificity SpCas9 variant	Low off-target effects and robust on-target cleavage.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Science. 351:84 (2016)	View
BE3	rAPOBEC–XTEN–Cas9_D10A–UGI (rat cytidine deaminase enzyme fused with Cas9_D10A and uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor via an XTEN linker)	Used in base editing to convert cytosine (C) to uracil (U) between the 4th and 8th bases of the sgRNA binding site, targeting the nonbinding strand. The modified base can be permanently converted to thymine (T) following DNA replication or repair.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Nature. 533:420 (2016); Nat Methods. 14:710 (2017)	View
Cas12a	Also known as Cpf1; single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system from Acidaminococcus, human codon-optimized, and linked to an HA tag and nuclear localization signal	Cleaves DNA via a staggered DNA double strand break. Able to process its own CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which can simplify multiplexed genome editing.	TTTN	Cell. 163:759 (2015);Nat Biotechnol. 35:31 (2017)	View
Cas9/mSA	hCas9 fused with monomeric streptavidin	Used for efficient generation of targeted large insertions using biotinylated repair templates.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Biotechnol Bioeng. 110:57 (2013); Nat Biotechnol. 36:632 (2018)	View
SaCas9	Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR associated protein 9 with HA tag and nuclear localization signal	Shorter sequence; especially useful in vector systems that have limited cargo space (e.g. AAV vectors).	NNGRR; NNGRRT(preferred)	Nature. 520:186 (2015)	View
hCas9:T2A:Neo	hCas9 and neomycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be resistant to neomycin.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
hCas9:T2A:Puro	hCas9 and puromycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be resistant to puromycin.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
hCas9:T2A:Hygro	hCas9 and hygromycin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be resistant to hygromycin B.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
hCas9:T2A:Bsd	hCas9 and blasticidin resistance gene linked by T2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be resistant to blasticidin.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
hCas9:P2A:EGFP	hCas9 and EGFP linked by P2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be visualized by green fluorescence.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
hCas9:P2A:mCherry	hCas9 and mCherry linked by P2A	Allows cells to express hCas9 protein and be visualized by red fluorescence.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Engineered by VectorBuilder	View
DmCas9	Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) codon-optimized CRISPR associated protein 9 with nuclear localization signal	Generates double-strand DNA breaks.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111:E2967 (2014)	View
CjCas9	A small Cas9 orthologue derived from Campylobacter jejuni with a carboxy terminal nuclear localization signal and HA tag	Shorter sequence; especially useful in vector systems that have limited cargo space (e.g. AAV vectors).	NNNNR(A/G)Y(C/T)AC; NNNNACAC (most preferred)	Nat Commun. 8:14500 (2017)	View
CeCas9	S. pyogenes Cas9 codon-optimized for C. elegans, containing multiple synthetic introns, a carboxy terminal nuclear localization signal, and an HA tag	Generates double-strand DNA breaks.	NGG (preferred); NAG (less preferred)	Nat Methods. 10:1028 (2013)	View

Stuffer序列

姓名	描述	Application Notes	References	序列
ORF_Stuffer	Amino acid 2-83 of E. coli beta-galactosidase	Can be used as a negative ORF control.	Designed by VectorBuilder	View